Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Dogs by Oscar Auerbach

It was said to be the first instance of tumors produced in large animals exposed to tobacco smoke. Oscar Auerbach 'trained' 86 beagles to smoke in experiments where 12 developed cancer. Tracheostomized beagle attached to smoking machine Dr. Tobacco testing on animals has been illegal in Britain since 1997. Today, in spite of reams of data establishing the tobacco/cancer link, the industry still conducts tobacco testing on animals, spending millions of dollars and killing hundreds of thousands of animals in an attempt to manipulate data. 'the failure of many investigators to induce experimental cancers, except in a handful of cases, during fifty years of trying, casts serious doubt on the validity of the cigarette-lung cancer theory.'Īt the time, 27 human studies had already established a clear link between smoking and cancer. In 1996, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded 123 grants totaling $28,099,418 for tobacco research, with 40% ($10,276,391) slated for animal testing. Rhesus monkeys are confined to chairs with head devices, while being exposed to nicotine and caffeine to study effects on breathing. Masks are strapped on to the faces of rats and mice while cigarette smoke is pumped directly into noses. Other tests have involved inserting electrodes into dogs' penises to measure the effect of cigarette smoke on sexual performance. In one experiment, researchers cut holes in the throats of beagles' and forced them to breathe concentrated cigarette smoke for an entire year. Dogs are forced to inhale cigarette smoke on mechanical ventilators. In tobacco inhalation experiments, dogs, primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, lambs, chickens, rodents and other animals are mutilated, pumped full of nicotine and forced to inhale smoke. Physicians were encouraged to keep quiet while researchers spent years performing animal tests. Researchers spent decades forcing beagles to smoke cigarettes and painting tar on the backs of mice (although there were already clear links between tobacco and human cancer). Decades of vague and inconclusive results enabled them to perpetuate confusion and prevent doctors from giving authoritative warnings.

Animal testing was used by politicians to avoid taking action against tobacco companies.

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Dogs by Oscar Auerbach